<gallery title="Science Museum visit, 2005">
  <created>2005/07/22</created>
  <directory>science_museum_20050722</directory>
  <desc>
    Photographs documenting my visit to the Science Museum in London
    on July 22, 2005.
  </desc>

  <section name='hyde_park' title='Hyde Park'>
    <desc>
      Due to the recent terrorist attack, much of the Tube network was
      closed.  I therefore walked to the museum from Paddington
      station, via Hyde Park.
    </desc>
    <directory>hyde_park</directory>
    <picture filename='wide' title='Wide shot across the Serpentine'
      width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>
      North of the Serpentine, looking southwards.  (I think.  My sense
      of direction isn't the greatest).
      </desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='zoom' title='Narrow shot across the Serpentine'
      width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>
        A similar angle to the previous shot, only zoomed in.  People on
        the opposite bank are clearly visible.
      </desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='serpentine'
      title='Along the Serpentine' width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>
      Taken while standing on the bridge across the Serpentine.  Shame
      about the overcast sky.
      </desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='monument_thingy' title='The Albert Memorial'
      width='427' height='640'>
      <desc>
      This monument is located a little way from the Alexandra
      Gate at the south of the park.  I took the picture while standing
      close to the gate, using the zoom.
      </desc>
    </picture>
  </section>

  <section name='energy_hall' title='Energy Hall'>
    <desc>This was the first exhibition in the museum.</desc>
    <directory>energy_hall</directory>
    <picture filename='main' title='Entryway' width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>  
      A wide shot of the multi-level hall.  The ground floor held examples
      of various steam engines; the upped gallery had interactive displays
      about energy usage and conservation.  The thin silver object suspended
      from the ceiling is an enormous ring, seen edge-on.
      </desc>  
    </picture>
    <picture filename='beam_engine' title='Beam engine'
             width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>The gift shop is visible in the background.</desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='high_pressure_engine' title='High-pressure engine'
      width='427' height='640'>
      <desc>
      A high-pressure steam engine, robustly constructed from cast
      iron.  They don't make 'em like this any more.
      </desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='ginormous_ring_thingy' title='Enormous ring'
      width='427' height='640'>
      <desc>
      Suspended high up in the Energy Hall, this ring has an LED-type
      display on the inside edge, displaying various messages and visual
      effects triggered by the exhibits in the gallery.
      </desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='do_not_touch' title='Do Not Touch'
      width='427' height='640'>
      <desc><![CDATA[This installation, located in the gallery, is clearly
        marked to dissuade people from touching it, and sounds an alarm
        if someone gets too close, but there are no barriers to physically
        prevent people from touching it. So it's up to the individual
        whether or not to heed the warnings. Touching the caged area results
        in a mild electric shock; anyone getting shocked has only
        him/herself to blame.</p><p>(No, I didn't touch it!).]]>
      </desc>
    </picture>
  </section>

  <section name='computing' title='Computing'>
    <desc>
      The main purpose of my visit was to see the Victorian calculating
      maxhines designed by Charles Babbage.  They were located in the
      Computing exhibition, along with other items of interest.
    </desc>
    <directory>computing</directory>
    <picture filename='difference_engine' title='Difference Engine'
      width='640' height='427'>
      <desc><![CDATA[
      To my delight, the first thing I saw when I entered the exhibition was
      a real, full-size, operational Difference Engine. Of course, they had
      to put the thing inside a glass case, or people like me would've been
      all over it.  I'd wanted to see this ever since taking a History of
      Computing class at university.  Not a Babbage original &mdash; he never
      completed his &mdash; but a replica built by the museum according
      to Babbage's plans, and with the bugs fixed.]]>
    </desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='still_more_difference_engine' title='Difference Engine closeup' width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>The inconvenience of flash glare didn't put me off taking far
      too many photos.</desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='B-A-B-B-A-G-E'
      title='Another Difference Engine closeup' width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>Precisely-machined brass components.</desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='the_birth_of_a_difference_engine'
      title='Difference Engine, end-on' width='427' height='640'>
      <desc>Whoa, careful with those reflections.</desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='one-winged_difference_engine'
      title='Difference Engine, low shot' width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>I had to lie on the floor to take this one; I like shots from
        odd angles. Loads of reflection on the glass, but not a bad
        picture.</desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='under_construction'
        title='Difference Engine under construction' width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>A second replica being constructed by the museum.</desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='analytical_engine'
        title='Partial prototype of the Analytical Engine'
        width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>Babbage abandoned the Difference Engine in order to concentrate
      on the more ambition Analytical Engine, his plan for a mechanical,
      general-purpose programmable computer.  It was never completed,
      although partial prototypes like this one were built.
      </desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='punched_cards' title='Analytical Engine punched cards'
      width='427' height='640'>
      <desc>Examples of the punched cards on which Analytical Engine
      programs would have been entered.</desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='pegasus' title='Ferranti Pegasus'
      width='640' height='427'>
      <desc><![CDATA[
      Flash forward to the 1950s, when valve computers were the state of the
      art. The Science Museum has a Ferranti Pegasus computer, probably the
      last surviving operational valve computer. These beasts were among the
      first commercial computers, sold to businesses and operable by office
      staff. They cost around &pound;45,000, which even today is a lot, but
      back then would've bought 40 houses.
      ]]></desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='pdp8' title='DEC PDP-8' width='427' height='640'>
      <desc>
      The first minicomputer. Not very "mini" by modern standards, but back in
      1965, it was a revolution in compact computers. It operated on bytes of
      12 bits in length, having been built before the 8-bit byte became
      standardized. It had 4096 bytes of memory, was clocked at 1MHz, and
      consumed 780W of power.
      </desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='core' title='Core memory' width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>
        A lattice of tiny ceramic rings storing data magnetically, used in
        computers such as the PDP-8.  Core memory's legacy lives on in
        computing terms such as "core dump".
      </desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='sinclair_executive'
      title='Sinclair Executive calculator' width='427' height='640'>
      <desc>The first pocket calculator.
      Gotta love Sinclair kit from any era.</desc>
    </picture>
  </section>

  <section name='making_the_modern_world' title='Making the Modern World'>
    <desc>This gallery held exhibits from the Eighteenth Century
      to the present day, illustrating the development of modern
      industrial society.</desc>
    <directory>making_the_modern_world</directory>
    <picture filename='long_now' title='Clock of the Long Now prototype'
      width='427' height='640'>
      <desc>The final version of this clock is intended to keep time for
      10,000 years, and will be of immense proportions, housed in a chamber
      carved out of a cliff in Nevada.</desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='long_now_low'
      title='Clock of the Long Now, low shot' width='427' height='640'>
      <desc>
      Lying-on-the-floor shot of the Clock of the Long Now prototype.
      </desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='rocket' title="Stephenson's Rocket"
      width='427' height='640'>
      <desc>Bad photo; lighting was really weird in that part of the
      museum. I wanted to get a low shot, but due to the position of the
      exhibit, I'd have had to lie in the walkway and get in everyone's
      way.</desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='difference_engine_prototype'
      title='Difference Engine prototype' width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>
      Yes, there was a Difference Engine exhibit in this gallery, too.
      This one is Babbage's incomplete prototype.
      </desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='difference_engine_prototype_high'
      title='Difference Engine prototype, from gallery'
      width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>I'm such a fanboy.</desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='cray1' title='Cray-1 supercomputer'
      width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>Looks more like an item of furniture...</desc>
    </picture>
  </section>

  <section name='photography' title='Photography'>
    <desc>Since this was my first outing with my digital camera, it seemed
    appropriate to visit the photography exhibition.</desc>
    <directory>photography</directory>
    <picture filename='talbot'
      title='Early experimental camera by Talbot' width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>
        The addition of lenses to cameras obscura was pioneered by an
        Englishman called William Fox Talbot in the 1830s. Talbot had
        been investigating photography while on his honeymoon. (You'd think
        he'd have had better things to do...)
      </desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='mid_19th_century' title='Mid-19th Century cameras' width='427' height='640'>
      <desc>A nice selection of mid-19th Century cameras.</desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='victorian_studio_camera'
      title='Victorian studio camera' width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>
      Cameras like this produced negatives on treated glass plates.
      </desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='stereo' title='Victorian stereoscope camera'
      width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>I didn't realize that the Victorians invented Viewmaster...</desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='early_slr' title='Early SLR camera'
      width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>These started appearing towards the end of the 19th Century.</desc>
    </picture>
    <picture filename='colour_diagram'
      title='Colour diagram' width='640' height='427'>
    <desc>Colour photography was developed before colour film (with three
    separate layers of photosensitive silver halide) was invented. Early
    colour cameras used a lens to separate the red, green and blue
    components of light; the three components were then reflected onto
    individual glass plates.
    </desc>
    </picture>
  </section>
  <section name='finally' title='And finally...'>
    <desc>I even bought a souvenir.</desc>
    <picture filename='souvenir' title='Periodic Table mug'
      width='640' height='427'>
      <desc>It makes my tea taste all... sciency.</desc>
    </picture>
  </section>
</gallery>

